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Fish hook
A fish hook or fishhook is a device for catching fish either by impaling them in the mouth or, more rarely, by snagging the body of the fish. Fish hooks have been employed for centuries by fishermen to catch fresh and saltwater fish. In 2005, the fish hook was chosen by ''Forbes'' as one of the top twenty tools in the history of man.〔(Forbes Ranks Fish Hook 19th In History of Civilization )〕 Fish hooks are normally attached to some form of line or lure device which connects the caught fish to the fisherman. There is an enormous variety of fish hooks in the world of fishing. Sizes, designs, shapes, and materials are all variable depending on the intended purpose of the fish hook. Fish hooks are manufactured for a range of purposes from general fishing to extremely limited and specialized applications. Fish hooks are designed to hold various types of artificial, processed, dead or live baits (bait fishing); to act as the foundation for artificial representations of fish prey (fly fishing); or to be attached to or integrated into other devices that represent fish prey (lure fishing).
==History==
The fish hook or similar device has probably been made by man for many thousands of years. Some of the earliest recorded fish hooks are from Palestine about 7000 BC. In 2011, archaeologists in the Jerimalai cave in East Timor discovered the world's oldest fish hook, a shell hook between 16,000 and 23,000 years old.〔(The world's oldest fishing hook has been found in a cave in East Timor ), Australian Geographic, 25 November 2011〕 An early written reference to a fish hook is found with reference to the Leviathan in the Book of Job 41:1; ''Canst thou draw out leviathan with a hook?'' Fish hooks have been crafted from all sorts of materials including wood, animal〔(C.Michael Hogan (2008) ''Morro Creek'', The Megalithic Portal, ed. by A. Burnham )
〕 and human bone, horn, shells, stone, bronze, iron up to present day materials. In many cases, hooks were created from multiple materials to leverage the strength and positive characteristics of each material. Norwegians as late as the 1950s still used juniper wood to craft Burbot hooks. Quality steel hooks began to make their appearance in Europe in the 17th century and hook making became a task for specialists.〔(Mustad Hook History )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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